Digital Access Divide :: essays papers

Computerized Access Divide Innovation is an essential piece of training and the workforce. The computerized isolate is putting a few understudies in danger of lacking essential professional and instructive abilities. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration expresses that at present about portion of Americans are on the web (ClickZ, 2002). As per a report from the New York Times (2003), United States President, George W. Hedge appeared to be happy with this number. He attempted to wipe out the innovation get to programs that were started in the Clinton Administration to connect the advanced gap. His cuts disposed of more than 50 million dollars. Luckily, because of a few enthusiastic alliances, Congress has given $50 million back to the assets (Feeder, 2003). Be that as it may, there is as yet a computerized gap, and it is putting understudies in danger. As per the instructive testing administration, which is the world’s biggest private instructive estimation association and a pion eer in instructive examination (Landgraf, Statistics Section, para. 5); â€Å" ‘49 percent of Caucasian youngsters utilize the Internet at home, contrasted with just 29 percent of African-American kids, and 33 percent of Hispanic children’, ‘children from high-pay families are more than twice as prone to have home Internet get to (66%) than kids from low-pay families (29%)’ and ‘despite solid development in school access from 2000 to 2002 for low-salary kids (20 to 32 percent), their present school utilize still fundamentally lingers behind high-pay kids (47 percent)’ (Landgraf, Statistics Section, para. 5). The way that such a large number of kids are not getting to innovation isn't only a current issue for them, it is making future issues by putting them in danger of lacking essential instructive and professional abilities. Outcomes of the Divide: Importance of PC innovation in Higher Education Computerized data advances, for example, the utilization of PCs and the web are a vital piece of advanced education. Jane Doe’s story situated toward the start of this report fills in for instance of this. Jane’s issue isn't science; the issue is her obliviousness in computerized data and instructional innovations. This isn't her deficiency; the territory she originated from has been influenced by the advanced separation. In school, understudies need to have PC education and advanced innovation information. In the event that an understudy, for example, Jane, originates from an evil prepared school region or low pay home, where they can not manage the cost of a PC or are uninformed about advanced innovations, these understudies are at a unimaginable burden.

Marketing Washington DC

Question: Examine about the Marketingfor Washington DC. Answer: In this examination, the commercial and accessibility of little stogies and cigarettes are being considered. The retail costs of tobacco and stogies in the market are being concentrated in the examination paper. The investigation has been directed by the technique for inspecting. The example should be chosen for this reason. The stores around Washington DC that sells tobacco are being picked for information assortment. A multivariate direct model has been utilized with the end goal of the examination. The information assortment includes the utilization of a continuous perception framework. The chances proportion of the usability of LCC is being determined from the outset and afterward the multivariate direct model has been fitted. The degree of connection between the district of the nation and the cost of the cigarettes has additionally been determined with the end goal of the examination. The information gathered from the 750 retailed outlet of authorized tobacco vender of Washington DC had been broke down utilizing multivariate models and it was seen that both the cost per cigarillo and chances of accessibility of little stogie and cigarillo had diminished essentially in the way of portion reaction with the expansion in every quartile in the extent of African Americas (Cantrell et al. 2013). There was an ascent in the offer of stogie deals by 221% from the year 2000 to 2011. It was likewise observed that the organizations had spent over 90% of their $8.4 billion in their spending plan of showcasing in 2011. This had brought about the overview to discover the insights of LCC. The costs of little stogie and different cigarettes has been seen as lower than ordinary cost. The number of inhabitants in the youthful grown-up neighborhood was fundamentally found to have higher extents of the African Americans. It was seen that these youthful grown-ups and the African America n were connected more with the outside notice of little stogie and cigarillo. It was finished up from the investigation that the accessibility of the higher level of little stogie and cigarillo in the networks of African Americans and the lower cost of these little stogie and cigarillo apparently triggered the smoking propensities in these gatherings. It can likewise be inferred that with the higher measure of outside promoting in the minority network of the area of youthful grown-ups had created condition to expand the smoking exercises, start them and they get dependent on these smoking. Consequently, it was seen that the accessibility, cost and advancement of little stogie and cigarillo in this area and made a drawn out adverse effect on the wellbeing of these individuals. Reference Cantrell, J., Kreslake, J.M., Ganz, O., Pearson, J.L., Vallone, D., Anesetti-Rothermel, A., Xiao, H. what's more, Kirchner, T.R., 2013. Showcasing little stogies and cigarillos: promoting, cost, and relationship with neighborhood demographics.American diary of open health,103(10), pp.1902-1909.

Unsolicited Discharge

Unsolicited Discharge Last week, Ryan I filmed a conversation about dealing with criticism. While I agree with everything we said, Id like to add a few words. Theres a significant difference between feedback and criticism:  We must seek feedback from trusted people because it makes our work better. We must avoid criticism from naysayers because it clutters the path to creativity. Whenever you create something meaningful, you will be critiqued. And no matter how close to perfect your creation is, it will be judged. The lighting looks creepy. This video is stoopid. Dont quit your day job. Most criticism is merely an unsolicited discharge of personal preference. And because you didnt ask for it, you arent required to respond. In fact, its best not to clap back. Instead, click delete or mute or block and move on to the next creation. If you do this with enough frequency, the calluses you form will help you shape the next creation without worrying about its reception. This type of fearless creativityâ€"combined with rigorous trusted feedbackâ€"is crucial for constructing an opus worthy of your pride. After all, whats the alternative? Respond to every cavil, niggle, and jab? If you do that, youll lose sight of that which you hoped to create in the first place. Also worth exploring: Dear Critics (essay) Fake Outrage (essay) Seagulls (essay) Criticism (podcast) Mean Tweets (podcast) Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

The Weak Form Efficiency Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1814 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Fama, after the publication of his world renowned article in May 1970 he is known as the godfather of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). It all began when he submitted his Ph.D. thesis which entitled Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work. In that paper he defined the concept of accurate market efficiency. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Weak Form Efficiency Finance Essay" essay for you Create order EMH allows that when there is new information available, some of the managers or the investors may overreact and some of them may underreact with the change in the new information. The main requirement of the EMH is to ensure that the managers (investors) reactions are random, which means the pattern of the results on net effect on market prices cannot be exploited by the managers (investors) for an abnormal profit for their company. So that it has random walk. Therefore if someone makes a profit from a share everybody can make a profit from it and if someone makes a loss then everybody makes a loss on that share. Fama came up with three forms of efficient market hypothesis. They are: weak form efficiency, semi-form efficiency and strong form efficiency. These three forms have different kinds of explanation how the markets run. 1- Weak Form efficiency- The price of the share cannot be predicted by the investors by analysing from the past results or by past series. It is quite i mpossible to gain abnormal profits by analysing the future price of the share, by any managers investment strategic or by historical results. The price of the share cannot have any series results, which means the results of the future price movement is predicted by the information which does not have any past results or past series. The price of the future result must have a random walk. Figure 1 show that it is quite impossible for the managers to predict the future price as the price the share is constantly moving. Fiqure-1 2- Semi Form Efficiency- It states that the price of the share cannot be manipulate by publicly available information in a very unbiased fashion, so that no extra profit can be made by the managers (investors) by studying all the public information. The adjustments of the information to the public must be reasonable size so that no one can manipulate the price of the share. If there is any such information then it will suggest that the information has been provided to manipulate the price of the share, which means the provider has acted in an inefficient manner. Figure 2 shows that the results after the public announcement. Fiqure-2 3-Srong Form Efficiency- It shares all the information with the public and with the investors but it makes sure no one can get any extra profit with the available information. There can only be a legal restriction on providing all the information to the public with the fear it may be manipulated by inside trading, or sharing the information. The market has to be fair so that the managers (investors) can earn extra profits for long period of time. In 1996 and in 2008 Dhaka Stock Exchange saw a massive blow in their Stock Exchange by not controlling the information, which resulted of inside trading. Figure -3 shows even though the results at the end are consistent but it is difficult for long term to predict for the managers (investors) all over the world. Figure- 3 PART -B Introduction The most important issue in finance research and interest is the efficiency of financial markets. When money is put in the market by the investors their aim is to generate the return on the capital invested as quickly as possible. Efficient market is where the market price is unbiased to estimate the true value of the investment. There are several key concepts: Market price and the true value do not have to be same every time. Examples Price of the outcome can be greater or less then the true value as long the deviation are random. Facts of the results of the deviation of the true value are random, which means there is a chance the value of the stock is undervalued or overvalued. No investors can be able to find the consecutive outcome of under or over value. Analysis Positive signs tend to proceed from good financial reports from a company. That is the reason why the technical patterns makes the move forward and anticipate the fundamental reports. Brock et al (1992), Technical analysis offers the investors with the opportunity of responding in real-time to a stocks behavior in which the investors do not have to wait for the next report from the company. Brock et al (1992), Fundamental analysis looks at the financial statement of the company .Therefore the investor can make a decision for the investment by the past financial statement. Efficient markets theory describe the price of an assets must show all the information that is available about the core value of the asset. Almost every form of the financial securities covers in efficient market theory (EMT) but except one kind of security which is being well discussed, shares of common stock in company. Theoretically, the investors get encouraged by the actuality of undervalued or overvalu ed stocks. That is the only reason there is a change in price of current value of future cash flow. Investment analysis looks at the mispriced stocks and that makes the market more effective which causes the price to yield the core value. The efficient market has to be random so the new information is random as well (favorable or unfavorable), which results in random walk in stock prices. This drives the investors not to invest heavily because there is no certainty of the returns as the price reflects the core value. In two ways the informational efficiency matters in stock prices. They are: investors care whether various trading strategies can earn returns and if stock prices reveal all the information accurately. To differentiate among the three forms of market efficiency it is easy to say that weak form stops technical analysis from being profitable, while semi-strong form stops the profitability of both technical and fundamental analysis, and strong form results, that even th ose with inside information of the company cannot expect to earn excess returns. Evidence for and against the Efficient Market Hypothesis Weak form efficiency A) The day of the week effect Cross (1973) and Gibbons and Hess (1981) elaborated that share prices fall on Mondays and rise on Fridays. However Dickinson and Muragu (1994) studied that the Nairobi Stock Exchange and found out that the day of the week effect does not affect the small stock exchange. Therefore it can be said the EMH is preferable in most of the stock exchanges in the world as it is not easy to predict by the outcome by the managers (investor) to invest in any stock exchange. B) The January small firms effect EMH face the challenge when January effects comes around, Keim (1983) sttes that US stock market studied that not only the return on stocks in January is high in relation to other months but the returns of small company stocks perform better in the month of January. Burton Malkiel, asserts Wall Street traders now joke that the January effect is more likely to occur on the previous Thanksgiving. Therefore it can be said even though the firms benefit from th e seasonal effect but there is no certainty with the actual result. The investors may think to invest more in December but they do not know the actual results. Semi strong Efficiency A) The price earnings effect Basu (1977) studied from 1957 71 the portfolio of different price earnings ratios ( P/E ) and the result was that the return on company stocks with low P/E ratios is much higher than the return on companies with relatively high P/E. In (1993) Fuller examined series of test but still got the same result but he found out that the result is not the same for the superiorly low company. Therefore it can be said though price earning effect can occur in stock market but it does not mean it will be for every low company. The investor will struggle to invest in that company because the low profile company results always different. B) The size effect Banz (1981) studied that the period of 1936 77 the excess return from holding stocks in the small company compared to the large company by 19.8 %. The firm size effect was as accurate as the firms betas in explaining the excess return which clearly contradict with the EMH. However some author urged that the r esults from the small firms are too low to evaluate their historical results. Strong Form Efficiency A) The Directors/Mangers share purchase Jaffe (1974) studied that the managers and the directors earn excess return from their trade, with all the information of inside which is contradictory with strong -form EMH. After the early 2000 scandal the US government and the NASDAQ implemented that the directors of the company has to be independent so that no information on inside trading. As the directors are independent there is no chance of getting any inside knowledge about the company by the investors. B) Information content of analysts forecast Elton (1986) studied that excess return can be earn once due allowance had been made for risk by buying upgraded stocks or stocks that were in a higher classification and selling downgraded stocks or stocks in a lower classification. However it needs a certain warranty before the trading on a brokers recommendation. Therefore the investors need to accelerate their trade because there is no certainty with the information. Conclusion- In fundamental way the prices may differ from long and slow movement but in two ways EMT is still useful. 1) For shorter period, examples as days, weeks and months. EMT can explain the movement of stock price changes with considerable evidence. That is the answer of stock prices to all new information reasonably the change in the core value of the assets.2) EMT serves as a scale for how prices should move if capital investment, funds, assets are to be allocated efficiently. All the outcomes depend on the transparency of information, the effectiveness of regulation and the prospect of rational arbitragers will drive out noisy investors. In fact the informational efficiency of stock prices moves across markets to markets and country to country. Whatever the outcomes of capital markets, there is no better alternatives of allocating investment capital. In fact most countries have recognized it for their future goal. Critics may say that an EMH passionate would not pick up a hundr ed dollar note from the road because according to the EMH, that note cannot be there, either the note is fake or somebody must already have picked it up. EMH can make investors miss some investment opportunities on their investment, but it will also protect the investors from hidden and unknown risks.

Traditional Marketing And Advertisement And Social Media

Traditional Marketing and Advertisement and Social Media What is a product without a voice? When a product is created, marketing and adverting is the best way gain recognition; whether it’s tangible or intangible. Traditional marketing and advertisement didn’t have social media’s enhancements and access to broader markets. Social media has not only enhanced traditional marketing but it also has saved many organizations money. According to Safko, (2013) â€Å"We all know that Traditional marketing media is expensive. One of the biggest surprises most new businesses have is the cost of doing a simple print piece, such as a brochure or a postcard sent to people in a given geographic area. Seldom do businesses allocate enough money to do adequate marketing, resulting in failure to build much name recognition or brand image† (para 7). Social media has allowed for organizations to increase their branding through ads and marketing strategies. In doing so it has saved them time and money. Traditional Marketing The key objective of marketing and ads is to get the consumer to purchase a product or service but to also keep cost down. Traditional marketing is expensive and if you want results you have to pay for it. According to Safko (2013), â€Å"In the world of traditional media, you most often pay for eyeballs or impressions. The more people you want to reach, the more it will cost you. Consider all the costs that go into planning a traditional marketing campaign—money you haveShow MoreRelatedHow Social Media Has Changed The Way Of Marketing948 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media has become a valuable tool for various types of activities, but most importantly for marketing and its connection with consumers, organizations and brands. Technology has drastically changed the way marketing has always been remembered. 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Financial report on luton brickworks Plc. Free Essays

string(122) " DIRECTOR B Argues that whether a cash dividend is paid or not is irrelevant in the context of shareholders maximisation\." Introduction Luton Brickworks plc is newly formed company which aims to maximise the wealth of its shareholders. The board of directors of the company is currently trying to decide on the most appropriate dividend policy to adopt for the company’s shareholders. However, there is a strong disagreement between three of the directors concerning the benefits of declaring cash dividends. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial report on luton brickworks Plc. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Director A argues that cash dividends would be welcome by investors and that a high dividend payout ratio as possible would reflect positively on the market value of the shares. Director B argues that whether a cash dividend is paid or not is irrelevant in the context of shareholder maximisation. Director C takes an opposite view and argues that dividend payments should be avoided, as they would lead to a decrease in shareholder wealth. Required: Present the theory of organisational dividend policies and integrate the assignment into your discussion. a) Discuss the arguments for and against the position taken by each of the three directors b) Assuming the board of directors decides to pay a dividend to Shareholders what factors should be taken into account when determining the level of dividend payment. What is Dividend? The term dividend refers to the part of divisible profits among its shareholders. In other words, dividend is that portion of company’s profit which is distributed among its shareholders as a percentage of par values of share at a fixed rate per share according to the decision of its board of directors. The main purpose of any business is to create profits for its owners. When any company earns profit from its business, they can reinvest that money in their business, but some companies pay profits to its share holders. However when a company decides to pay dividend to shareholders, the cash available for business will reduce. Dividend inukare paid on a semi annual basis, net of deduction of tax at the standard personal income tax rate, these are called interim dividends. These interim dividends tend to be smaller than final dividends due to cash flow, taxation financial planning considerations (Sangray, 2010). Types of Dividends: 1)Cash Dividend 2)Stock Dividend 3)Stock Splits Dividend CASH DIVIDEND: Cash dividend plays a dominant role in sharing company’s profit; shareholders are being paid in part of company’s profit. However in US they double the taxation of cash dividend at a maximum rate of 15% and dividends are distributed to shareholders only after company pays income tax. STOCK DIVIDEND: Stock dividend is paid to shareholders only if the companies not having healthy cash position, by combining the profits of both current previous year. Such shares are also called as ‘bonus shares’ instead of paying dividend as cash. There is no great change in equity of shareholders, as stock dividend is paid until actual stock sold in order to avoid paying taxes. In general share holders have more scope to receive additional shares from the company, where it depends on the amount already owned by shareholders. STOCK SPLITS DIVIDEND: Stock split dividend is performed in a company, if there is increase in share price, obviously investors shares become too expensive to buy. Whereas liabilities, assets, equity remains same. InUKstock split is referred as â€Å"scrip issue†, â€Å"bonus issue†, â€Å"capitalization† or â€Å"free issue†. This stock split dividend resembles stock dividend. Source: investopedia.com/terms/s/stocksplit.asp SHAREHOLDERS WEALTH MAXIMIZATION: Shareholders profit maximization consolidates the volume of risk time. The goal of SWM states that the present value of the expected future cash flow of the firm should be maximized to shareholders. ARGUMENTS DIRECTOR A: He argues that cash dividends would be welcome by investors that a high dividend payout ratio as possible would reflect positively on the market value of the shares. This argument deals with RELEVANCE THEORY, where the supporting model for this argument is WALTER’S MODEL James E. Walter (1999): dividends are relevant. The investment policy of a company dividend policy both are inter-related as they cannot be separated by their own. The value of an enterprise will be affected by dividend policy. Formula for Walter’s model: P= D/Ke-g Where P= PRICE OF EQUITY SHARES D= INITIAL DIVIDEND Ke= COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL G= GROWTH RATE EXPECTED ANOTHER MODEL WHICH SUPPORTS THIS ARGUMENT IS GORDON LINTNER MODEL Dividend relevance, as argued by â€Å"Linter and Gordon†, suggested that investors preferred dividends to capital gains due to their certainty w The Gordon model can be used to find the theoretical value of a share by summing the share’s discounted future dividend payments to infinity: P0= Do (1+g)/(y-g) Where: P0 = current ex-dividend market price of the share r=shareholders’ required rate of return g= expected future growth rate of dividends D0 = declared dividend at time t0 Dividend relevance was further supported by the argument that dividends were seen by investors as signals of a company’s future profitability. Arguments in favour of statement: 1)The company should pay dividend to shareholders if they have sufficient liquidity to satisfy their requirements. 2)The dividend acts as a signal to investors about the profits of the company is higher or not. 3)The company’s market value confidence in society increase only if the dividends are paid to investors. 4)If company pays regular cash payments to customers the firm will be recognised in the market to get financial support from other institutions with reasonable interest rates. Arguments against the statement: 1)If the company pays dividend to investors in initial stage, it may lead to failure in important opportunities. 2)The share value of the company decreases if the company pays more dividends to shareholders. This leads to negative impact in the market. 3)According to nature of the business the company may suffer loss, as dividend may adversely affect the company. 4) The regular payout of dividends will also be taxed on regular intervals, as they are corporation profits. If this profits are transferred to reserves,(capital gains) in long run, the total impact of tax would be less than the tax paid on regular dividend payments. DIRECTOR B Argues that whether a cash dividend is paid or not is irrelevant in the context of shareholders maximisation. This argument deals with IRRELEVANCE THEORY, the supporting models for this theory could be MILLER MODIGLIANI MODEL According to â€Å"Miller and Modigliani† (2010 Sudesh Sangray) the dividend payments were irrelevant should only be offered as a residual the value of a firm is unaffected by the distribution of dividends and is determined solely by the earning power and risk of its assets. The dividend policy may have no influence on the market price of the shares. Assumptions of MM model Surveillance of perfect capital markets and investors in it are rational. Securities are infinitely divisible, as there is no transactions cost, investor cannot influence the market price of securities and there are no floatation costs. There are no differences in tax rates which are applicable to capital gains and dividends. The investment policy of a firm does not change. It implies the financial status of the company which gives an opportunity to invest in new projects. As retain earnings will not change the business risk of the firm. Arguments in favour of statement: (MR.B) 1)Investors will not get affected if dividend is paid but investment policy will have impact on shareholders wealth maximization. 2)The investors are less concern about dividend payment as they always want to maximise their wealth. 3)The home made dividend pays to shareholders who expect regular income selling particular shares instead of anticipating dividend. 4)If a company tries to get income from external source, by supplying sufficient funds, then retain earnings come completely irrelevant. Where shareholders wealth can be maximised by getting income from external source. Arguments against the statement: (MR.B) The perfect capital market is unrealistic. Practically, there are taxes, floatation costs and transaction costs. Paying present cash dividend is far better than capital gains, where whose appearance is definite more accepted by the shareholders. If a company paying dividend from external source of income is not a good idea, as it leads to increase in interest rate gearing ratio, which will effect shareholders wealth. DIRECTOR C This argument deals with which is similar to relevance theory, there is no specific model that supports this argument, but Argument for and against that Dividend payment should be avoided since it reduces Shareholders Wealth Arguments in favour of the statement Net income of the share holders decreases, as they pay taxes on dividend received. This result to decrease of wealth. The profitable opportunities for firm reduce, when there is regular payment of dividend to shareholders. So, the firm should try to avoid the dividend payment to its shareholders and try to concentrate on its investment opportunities. Argument against the Statement As mentioned by â€Å"Watson Head† (2004) in the article â€Å"DIVIDEND POLICY† cash dividend plays an important role to provide reliable information to the investors. That financial condition of company is strong. The uncertainty of shareholders income reduces when payment of cash dividend is high. The management tries to reduce conflict ensure their personal benefits are mention, as there is a scope of agency problems because of owner’s interest. There is decrease in interest rates when dividend payment is high which indicates the shareholders wellbeing is doing well by management are not. FACTORS DETERMINE DIVIDEND PAYMENT: The decision of dividend is difficult because of conflicting objectives lack of decision making techniques, maximizing shareholders wealth is not easy in the long run. FACTORS AFFECTING DIVIDEND POLICY: NATURE OF BUSINESS: Mostly dividend policy is adopted by companies which earn unstable profits; where it is different from company earn stable profits. COMPOSITION OF SHAREHOLDING: If the company have cumulative preference shares, they have to be paid the present year dividend in the next year along with next year dividend and if it has equity share they need not be paid even the company has profits. Example: Microsoft etc. RESTRICTIONS BY CONCERNED BODIES: In long-term some financial companies restrict the company on paying dividend to shareholders, they pronounced a clause that no payment to be made till the loan amount is repaid back to financial institutions. INFLATION: During inflation it is not much important to pay dividend. As there is no chance of replacing the equipment as funds are generated from depreciation. FIRM ORIENTED CONSIDERATION: The dividend policy is not determined by ownership interest rates. As firm’s needs are considered as important, this includes the following. Business cycles Risk of losing control on organization Post dividend policies and stockholders relationships. Relative cost of external funds Contractual legal restrictions Availability of external capital LIQUIDITY: As explained in Investopedia Dictionary. â€Å"The degree to which an asset or security can be bought or sold in the market without affecting the asset’s price. Liquidity is characterized by a high level of trading activity†. To increase the sales profits earned by company should reinvest in fixed assets working capital. There are some companies which cannot generate sufficient cash even if they get profitable income. OWNERSHIP CONSIDERATIONS: The identification of owner’s interest becomes difficult if it is decentralized on wide spectrum. As every shareholder have their own objectives different opinions. Investor companies are which combines the mix of both growth desired dividends. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS Concluding that, this report explains the financial status of the company and their decision regarding shareholders wealth maximization. 1)Dividend is paid to shareholders dividend policy is taken to distribute dividend to shareholders. 2)There are 3 types of dividends cash, stock, stock splits dividend, which plays a key role in paying dividends. 3)Paying dividend to shareholders is an added advantage, which increase the company’s reputation in the market. 4)There is a possible adverse effect to the company depending on the nature of the business. 5)As investors always look forward to maximise their wealth. 6) It is not a good idea to pay dividend to shareholders now, as investors may think that the company is not having any future projects to enhance their business. 7)Recommending that the company should wait for some time to gain good reputation in market and investors as well to get more profits, which help to increase in market share, and overall profits of the company. 8)Concluding that as Luton Bricks Plc is new to company in market, there will have less scope for earning profits. REFERENCES DR.R.SRINIVASAN. (2009). Important theories of dividend policy – an appraisal. Available: http://www.articlesbase.com/finance-articles/important-theories-of-dividend-policyan-appraisal-1353119.html. Last accessed 2nd Aug 2010. Linter. John. (1956). Distribution of income corporation among. The American Economic. 46 (2), 2-15. American psychological association. Www.dictionary.com. dividend, Collins English dictionary, 10th edition. May 22, 2011. Pike Richard. (1996). Decisions and Strategies. In: Richard Pike and Bill Neale Corporate finance and investment. 2nd Ed.New York: Prentice Hall,. 196-216. Watson, Denzil. And Head Antony(2007). Corporate finance: principles and practices. 4th ed.Harlow: ft/prentice hall. pg.no:286. Sangray, S. (2011) Week-10. Advanced Corporate Finance, Dividend Policy. (Online). Available at www.breo.beds.ac.uk.(accessed on December 10, 2010). Gitman, L., J. (2009) the principles of managerial finance. 12th ed.London: Pearson Prentice Hall. Agrawalsumeets. (2010). Theories-of-Dividend-Policy. Available: http://www.scribd.com/doc/28162428/Theories-of-Dividend-Policy. Last accessed 27 July 2011. Dictionary. (2007). Dividend. Available: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp. Last accessed 02 august 2011. How to cite Financial report on luton brickworks Plc., Essay examples

The Two Faces Of Ancient Greece Essays - Sparta, Ancient Greece

The Two Faces Of Ancient Greece The two most dominating city-states in Greece of their time, Athens and Sparta, were great rivals with two very different ways of life. Spartas overbearing military and Athens impartial justice system and government are models for many modern day countries. Even though these two city-states differ greatly from one another, they share many characteristics of their country and their time period. Athens and Sparta were the two most powerful Greek territories of their time. Like most cities of the same country, they have the same Greek culture, worshipping the same Greek gods and speaking Greek. Like all Greeks, their people loved to talk and tell stories. Although they fought against each other, their citizens equally had great amounts of pride for their entire country as well as their city-states. The two rivals were both devoted mainly to agriculture and based their wealth, but not their success, on agriculture. Both also participated in the annual Olympics, an ancient Greek national athletic competition which is now a worldwide tradition. These to Greek city-states were the most feared city-states in all of Greece. Though Athens and Sparta were similar, they were also very different. Athens was the first democracy, and it was also the first to govern with trial by jury. Athens main accomplishment was that it had a very strong Navy. It was the command of the sea and the head of the Naval Alliance, or the Delian League. Athens was the most feared city-state to fight at sea. Its other achievements were that is had excellent forms of art, architecture, drama and literature, philosophy, science, and medicine. It was very wealthy and had beautiful, extravagant temples. The boys of Athens went to school between the ages of five and eighteen, where they learned reading, writing, mathematics, music, poetry, sports and gymnastics. The girls stayed at home and learned spinning, weaving and domestic arts. Athens had well educated men, a good sense of art, and an all-powerful navy. Sparta developed the most powerful military oligarchy of their time. They had a very strong army and were the most feared city-state to fight on land. Sparta was a member of the Peloponnesian League and was the most powerful people in it. Its excellent military conquered many territories, which they controlled with slaves. Spartas sole achievement, other than military supremacy, was that its people possessed a simple life style, with no care for the arts of Athens. When Spartan boys turned seven years old they began training for the military, and they ceased their training at the age of twenty. There was much more gender equality in Sparta than in Athens, and girls went to school where they learned reading, writing, athletics, gymnastics, and survival skills, and they could even join the military. Sparta was militarily supreme over Athens, and it also supported better equality and simplicity of life. Sparta and Athens contrasted greatly in military, art, education, government, and in many other areas. The few similarities they had were mainly based on their countrys rituals and traditions. These rituals and traditions are what the modern world remembers of the Greek culture. History

Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth

Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth By Maeve Maddox Some speakers and writers are beginning to use the word affluent in contexts that call for fluent. Here are some examples of incorrect usage Ive notice on the web: a good vocabulary is necessary†¦ everyone should be well rounded and affluent in their own language. [Name] has over 14 years of real estate experience, is affluent in Spanish and specializes in new home and residential sales. [Name] was baptized in November 2006. She is affluent in Spanish, but her English is very weak. [Name], who is affluent in Spanish, works with Hispanic students. I need someone who is affluent in Spanish and I also would like to know about what they would charge for this. I now realize that not everyone is affluent in Spanish. Both fluent and affluent come from Latin words related to the idea of moving water: fluere, to flow; affluere, flow toward. In modern usage, the most common definitions of the two words are these: fluent [flÃ… «Ã‰â„¢nt] : flowing or capable of flowing, especially with ease or freedom affluent [ÄÆ'flÃ… «-É™nt] : having an abundance of goods or riches The misuse reflects a nonstandard pronunciation of affluent that puts the stress on the second syllable instead of the first. Here are some examples of the correct use of affluent: Are Affluent Teens The Latest Victims Of Mental Illness? These are affluent singles and couples who live in the chic high-rise neighborhoods of many big cities, owning swank condos and apartments. An Increasingly Affluent Middle India Is Harder to Ignore A person may live in an affluent neighborhood, but is fluent in a language. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeThe Writing ProcessThe Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Truckers vs. Uber Who Has The Edge

Truckers vs. Uber Who Has The Edge Over at CareersInGear.com, trucking experts are examining the rising domination of Uber and wondering what the implications are for the trucking industry. First off, what is Uber? It’s a self-employed taxi service where drivers register their own vehicles and riders can book cars, negotiate rates, and leave reviews. Drivers get to review passengers too, so it’s in everyone’s best interest to behave professionally. The positives are easy access door-to-door service; the major con, according to critics, is the service’s predatory effect on cab drivers and professional limo operators.On the surface, it would seem like off-duty truckers could make some easy money by becoming Uber drivers on the side. One, it would be easier to connect with dispatchers and customers since Uber is available on smartphones; and two, drivers wouldn’t  have to wait to be hired. But the potential risks may outweigh those rewards- you wouldn’t have to be a seasoned tr uck driver to book rides on Uber, which could result in less experienced drivers finding themselves in dangerous situations or hurting the reputations of drivers who are properly licensed.There is currently no way to verify that your driver even has a license on Uber- much less to ascertain they have a DOT-approved CDL or the relevant endorsements. There would also need to be tracking systems, a paper trail to enforce existing regulations, and mechanisms to ensure drivers’ safety.And let’s not forget, truckers already have Uber-like systems that allow drivers to book hauls online, customers to track deliveries, and dispatchers to set up and distribute jobs. Until Uber can provide something more than a risky opportunity for independent drivers seeking to line up their own work, it doesn’t have much to offer the already in-demand trucking industry.

Lee Miller Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lee Miller - Research Paper Example In 1929 she searched out Man Ray in Paris and turned into his understudy, mate and muse. She additionally featured in Jean Cocteaus point of interest film â€Å"The Blood of a Poet† (Haworth 15). Lee Miller as an artist was the muse of Man Ray as well as his student and soon his partner. She gained from one of the best cutting edge photographic artists, mastering lighting, printing and the methodology of "solarization" - a method for turning around highlights into blacks - they ran across together. She made a representation toward oneself titled lee mill operator standard lee mill operator and helped Paris "Vogue" as both model and picture taker. She made representations and mocking drawings, captured baffling road scenes, rich close reflections and pictures like Blasting Hand which embody the convulsive magnificence lectured by the organizer of Surrealism, Andrà © Breton. She likewise made the absolute most radical photos of the naked of the Surrealist age - nudes which have been depicted as changing the female middle into a phallus (Conekin 57). Lee Miller travelled to London in 1939 to live with Roland Penrose. She prepared her Surrealist eye on the disarray of Blitzed London for her first book, Horrid Glory (1940). She began working for British "Vogue" in 1940 and turned into the magazines work-horse and most productive patron. Mill operator assumed each sort of photographic work for the magazine, whether documentary, picture or design. She started composition characteristic articles in 1944 with a profile of the American radio television star Ed Murrow. The "Life" photographic artist David E. Scherman turned into her coach in photojournalism, her sweetheart and companion. Before long she was traveling to France as an authorize war journalist for Vogue. The magazine distributed Millers singing dispatches on field healing facilities in Normandy, the Liberation of Paris, the battling around the German-possessed bastion in St Malo, the

Human Trafficking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Trafficking - Research Paper Example According to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), human trafficking is defined according to the nature and purpose of trafficking human beings. Hence, TVPA defines sex trafficking as an act where â€Å"a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age† (Department of States.., 2007, p.7). The TVPA defines other kinds of trafficking as â€Å"the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use offorce, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery†. In simple words, the victims of trafficking are forced to work by keeping them captive (Hart, 2009, p. 4). Forced labor is called trafficking even when a person is forced to work against his will in his own country. According to International Labor Organization (ILO), at a given time, around 12.3 million to 27 million people are the victim of "forced labor, bonded labor, forced child labor, and sexual servitude" in different parts of the world. This shows that the racket of human trafficking is not only strong but is also widespread. The statistics also suggest that traffickers are not restricted to certain areas or countries. In fact, traffickers increase the vulnerability of the victims by trafficking them to the countries at the vast distance, where the victims feel alien due to a large barrier in language and culture.... In simple words, the victims of trafficking are forced to work by keeping them captive (Hart, 2009, p. 4). Forced labor is called trafficking even when a person is forced to work against his will in his own country. According to International Labor Organization (ILO), at a given time, around 12.3 million to 27 million people are victim of â€Å"forced labor, bonded labor, forced child labor, and sexual servitude† in different parts of the world (Department of States.., 2007, p.8). This shows that the racket of human trafficking is not only strong, but is also wide spread. The statistics also suggest that traffickers are not restricted to certain areas or countries. In fact, traffickers increase the vulnerability of the victims by trafficking them to the countries at vast distance, where the victims feel alien due to a large barrier in language and culture (Department of States.., 2007, p.7). This further removes the chances of victims asking for help or support from people aro und them. In this way, traffickers use different methods to weaken the victims and make them feel vulnerable, bonded and slave at the hands of the traffickers and customers. Types Of Human Trafficking There are different types of human trafficking like bonded labor, involuntary servitude, domestic servitude, prostitution etc (Hart, 2009, p. 6). People who are victim of human trafficking are forced to work in various fields and farms to plant and harvest the crop (Hart, 2009, p. 6). Some are made to work in restaurants to do cleanup jobs (Hart, 2009, p. 6). Women and children are forced to work hard as domestic servant, either by torturing them physically and emotionally, or by promising them good pay and schooling (Hart, 2009, p. 6). They are made to

Positive Effects Of Social Networking Media Essay

Positive Effects Of Social Networking Media Essay The first type of social networking created was Email, which was invented in 1975 (Email). Since then social networking has advanced into a profile with numerous features that can be used and has integrated the use of email. Now social networking is changing the way the world interacts with people, and has provided many useful tools for the world to use. Still these social networks are continuing to advance to provide better features for users, and these popular sites will continue to grow in size. Even though social networks can have negative effects such as wasting time, it also affects people positively by allowing people to communicate and remain in contact with friends in a much easier way. In the article Are social networking sites good for our society? (2009) social networking is defined as an online community that allow people to develop profiles of their backgrounds and interests, communicate with friends and strangers, and share thoughts, photos, Internet links, music, and more (p.1). Once a social network is joined users are prompted to identify others in the system with which they have a relationship known generally as friends. Social networking sites vary greatly with the features they have to offer, and is what makes each site different from the other. Six Degrees was the first major social network, similar to social networking today, to be launched and was launched in 1997 (Bhutkar, 2009). Social networking as it is today did not become popular until 2003 when Friendster MySpace and LinkedIn were launched. Then in 2004 Facebook was launched but was only open to college students with a valid university email. Facebook remained a college only network for two yea rs before it opened to the general public in 2006. Since then Facebook has become the number one social networking site (Bhutkar, 2009). Social networking sites allow people to communicate and remain in contact with friends as well as meet new people. These sites allow people to find others with similar interests that they can create a relationship with and get to know one another. Groups can be joined or formed to meet people with similar interests, and views. Social networking allows for creative expression by using tools such as blogging and messaging to post ideas and stories (Are social networking sites good for our society, 2009). Users also share poems, interest in music, TV shows, hobbies, photos, and many other things (Jasson). Event invitations can be made and sent to friends rather than having to mail invitations and friends can also rsvp for an event on the site. Not only is it used to talk to friends, but it is also used to discuss educational topics. Social networking is said to increase a persons quality of life, and can reduce health risks. Many people report that they have not had any negative experiences with social networking, and schools are starting to look at it as an educational tool (Thelwell, 2006). The use of social networking helps improve technological skills of students, and exposes them to many diverse views about things. It also has helped with communication skills, and allows the learning of cultures from users all over the world. Also students use social networking to discuss homework topics with peers online, and to get help on assignments (Reid, 2009). Sixty percent of students on social networks have said that they talk about education, and 50 percent specifically talk about school work assignments. These students seem to have an extraordinary set of traditional and 21st century skills including communication, creativi ty, collaboration, and leadership skills and technology proficiency. Parents are expecting schools to take advantage of using online social networking to educate children, but to do so in a safe way. Some public schools have created a secure social network for its student to be able to communicate with other students, and to do so in a more safe way (National School Board Association, 2007). Social Networking does not just benefit individuals, but it also benefits businesses as well. These sites allow businesses to advertise and market services to a large audience, and a profile is free to set up (Gillin). Numerous businesses have created profiles that provide detailed information about the business to advertise in a low cost way (Roberts, 2008). Businesses will gain more attention on social networks because the business profile is available to for all users of the social network to see. Also businesses like to use social networks to learn what potential employees are like, and make decisions based on the information provided on the persons profile (Ellison, Steinfield, Lampe, 2007). Social networking has already completely changed the way people interact in the world, but also it is advancing more to make it easier to access. Now social networking is becoming mobile and can be accessed through the use of a cell phone. It is thought to be a great idea and would increase the use of social networking since a lot of people carry cell phones with them at all times. People can use mobile phones to update their status, post comments, upload photos, send messages, and update profile from just about anywhere (Kharif, 2006). This allows people to be able to get things done as well as take some time to log onto social networks. Making social networks accessible through cell phones is also expected to increase the number of users by a significant amount (Gillin). So far mobile social networking is being used more than social networking from pc computers. The top sites that are being visited using mobile phones are Facebook, MySpace, and Bebo. Being able to access social net works from the cell phone unlocks the full potential of social network, and makes it more convenient for people to use. Since it is more convenient to use the number of users has increased and the mobile social networking has increased significantly (Hamblen, 2008). Social networking does have negative effects as well, but are nothing compared to the advantages of using it. These sites reduce the amount of face to face socializing and replace it with online interaction which is believed to result in low quality relationships with other people (Mikami, Szwedo, Allen, Evans, Hare, 2010). Teens over share information to the public that can hurt them in the future when trying to get a job, and deleting the information is not good enough. Cyber bullying occurs as well, which is bullying people online in a public way, but occurs at a small percentage. People that frequently use online social networking are also prone to social isolation which can lead to depression and decreased social skills (Mikami, Szwedo, Allen, Evans, Hare, 2010). A false sense of security leaves social networking site users vulnerable to security attacks such as hacking, leaking sensitive information, and sending viruses. Identity theft can occur when a cybercriminal uses the network to gather personal information posted about people (University of the Pacific). It also has been said that social networking sites endanger children by allowing pedophiles to seek out children (Are social networking sites good for our society?). Also since they are becoming mobile it might encourage people to use cell phone to access these sites while driving just like text messaging was a popular thing to do while driving. Social networking becoming mobile use will increase cell phone use and the problem with that is that cell phones have been found to emit electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed by the brain and body. This absorption disrupts the brain sites for memory and learning and can cause confusion and forgetfulness (Thomas, 2004). It is also been reported that cell phones can cause cancer from the electromagnetic exposure to other parts of the body, but little emphasis has been placed on it. The cause of cancer in the brain has been the main health concern with cell phones, which social networking by mobile phone is not exposing the brain to the waves. Also, cell phones give small amounts of radiation off and would require a lot of use and over a long period of time for it to start to cause cancer. Research is needed to provide evidence to determine that actual health risk of cell phones. Social networking has its advantages and its disadvantages like everything else does. The sites are continuously advancing, and changing to fix the negative problems. One example would be accessing social networking sites using cell phones so that people can access the site on the go rather than sit at home on a computer. Most users have stated that they have had only positive experiences with social networking, and very few people experience cyber bullying. There are still problems that need to be fixed, but it seems that the positive effects outweigh the negative effects. Social networking is a very valuable tool that can be used to meet new people, and allow people to remain in contact with friends. Even though it can waste time, social networking positively affects the world by allowing people to communicate, and remain in contact with friends in an easy and convenient way.

Last two hundred years Essay

The 19th and 20th centuries are very rich about inventions that changed our lives. The automobile is one of those inventions changed people’s lives. Short after its invention automobile became a necessity in daily life more than being luxury or a symbol of nobility. Today the numbers of cars are close to half of earth’s population. Almost every family in developed countries owns a car. The automobile has had the greatest effects on our lives in last two hundred years because it is a necessity, it has an important effect on the world economy and it affects our lives directly. There are some reasons why automobiles become a necessity in today’s life which of those reasons are being the cheapest, fastest and easiest way to travel when compared against other inventions like planes, ships or trains. Before the invention of automobiles humanity used to travel with domestic animals, which cause more expanses than, cars do in today’s conditions. A traveler has to pay great amounts of money to travel from one town to another to the animals’ owner also if someone owns his own animal it will probably costs much more because he has to feed and look after that animal. Even today when compared against planes, ships or trains; the automobile is still the cheapest way to travel. The automobile is also the fastest way to travel when compared to old traveling methods. For example horse back riding from France to Germany will take months while driving the same distance with a car will take a day or less. The last important thing that made automobile a necessity is it’s being the easiest way of traveling and transportation. Traveling with automobiles gives people freedom of going wherever they want; only thing they have to do is to have wish of going and the money to afford an automobile’s expanses. The automobile gives a freedom of traveling which other traveling methods do not offer. Trains are limited with the rails whereas planes are also limited with aerostations but cars can reach everywhere roads reach and even far. Today automobile is a necessity like sleeping or eating. The busses people go their work with, the lorries that people transport their goods, the ambulances that saves people’s lives and lots uncountable more examples there are which shows us how necessary automobiles are. As a result a necessity is something that affects people’s lives deeply. Without cars it will be impossible to the things we do in daily life like traveling, transporti ng and reaching. Another important point that makes the automobile effect on people’s life is its effect on world economy with the automobile industry and its subsidiary industries like car accessories. Today almost every developed country’s economy is based on the automobile industry while developing countries depend on the automobile industry also. A large rate of world trade is about automobiles. For instance there are big car companies in both Europe and USA that has big factories in which millions of people work. This causes a great income for the world economy and keeps it running. Because economies depend on and based on the automobile, people’s lives are depended on automobile and this is why this invention affects human’s lives too much. Peoples are depended on the automobile economically because lots of people’s job involves cars, lorries, trucks or buses and also lot of people’s job is to produce vehicle. For those reasons the automobile affects peoples lives too much as an economic support, it is what people earn their lives from. The last and the most important reason why the automobile affect people’s lives are because it affects their lives with its side effects like; pollution, accidents, transportation and automobile based lifestyles. All kinds of automobiles are based on the same principle, which is the creation of energy by using petrol and its side products. As a result automobiles produce harmful gases and release them through the air people breathe. Automobiles pollute the air and are a danger for all living creatures with the air pollution it causes. In addition to air pollution automobile also causes sound pollution with the sound of horns and motors, which depress people and create negative social effects on them. Because automobile is the fastest way to achieve somewhere, the wrong use of it causes accidents resulting with injuries or even deaths. As a result deaths and injuries cause incorrigible social effects like depression and suicide because it affects people negatively. With the automobile, transportation becomes easier and more common. That created an enormous effect on trade, which also means an enormous effect on people’s lives because it affects economy with this way, which means an affect on the way people, earns their lives. The last direct effect the automobile created on people’s lives is that some lives are based on the automobile passion. For example car and motor racers,  Harley Davidson cycles collectors, Chevrolet fans and lots more. Because of those reasons the automobile is a piece of people’s lives that affects them directly with a lot of reasons. In conclusion the automobile has had the greatest effect on people’s lives because it become a piece of their life with its usage and effects. It is the invention that gave man freedom of traveling wherever he wants, it changed his life and it is a necessity of life for him. In today’s world cars save people’s time, power and even lives. The automobiles allow people to reach places quickly, lorries, trucks carry their goods and finally ambulances save lives. All those create enormous effects on people’s lives.

Alarming Facts Regarding Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Exposed

Alarming Facts Regarding Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Exposed Due to the character of the report, it is actually. You have to give them a feeling of where they're going, an image that permits them to understand the remainder of the story in a geographic context. A portrait series isn't the only sort of series. Or your favourite television sitcom collection. Released quarterly, it sports in-depth articles with a concentration on American roots music. Because each family differs, it's really hard to generalize in these sorts of essays. This list is nearly exhaustive. It is a superb social commentary on the condition of our world. Customized article writing isn't straightforward either. It is truly a phrase which has been used to get a fairly really long period. Templates are available on the internet through various resources. Choosing our service, you are going to understand that studying can be simple if you gain from the help of capable experts. The introduction should offer general information which will be included in the guide. When you scan our site regarding recommendations which might help you to publish your very own personal composition, you are going to discover quite a few tips. Popular themes for academic papers can be seen on our site too. The Fight Against Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Have a good idea of what you wish to attain, and create it as though you were teaching somebody else. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you wind up getting a great grade. On the flip side, maybe it seems sensible this conversation comes to mind every time that I think of you because it was one of the final times I heard your voice. The Appeal of Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Photograph the rooms and the details, which means that you may have to work with diverse le nses. Below you'll discover some of the most eye-catching photographs we ran on the website in the previous calendar year. The Documerica project's photos have lately been unearthed, and you are able to see them now. Every student would like to beat the remainder of the competition to collect best photos and use them in her or his essay. The town I reside in has a yearly bicycle classic. If you've ever read Fruits, you will be aware of what street fashion can be like. You are able to easily photograph these styles, in a kind of street photography way. If its a location essay then you should make an effort to take photos in such a manner it offers the feel of that specific place or location that you're trying to portray in your essay. The Tried and True Method for Argumentative Photo Essay Topics in Step by Step Detail For instance, if you decide on an argumentative essay topics category in the most suitable area of the site page, the list of themes will show up in the left portion of this page. Students often discover that a large part of their work on those essays is done before they even begin writing. Write my essay may be the most well-known requests online. An essay was defined in an assortment of means. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tough to discover. Editing is the point where the magic happens. Dissertation helpThesis aid comes in various types. As soon as you're prepared to think of a thesis, take a look at these Argumentative Thesis Statement Examples. The thesis gives you a guideline on how best to go about with writing the essay. Your thesis ought to be relevant so the post can use a structure that's flexible in order to fit in the shoes of the readers. The Principles of Argumentative Photo Essay Topics You Will be Able to Learn From Beginning Immediately There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you may counter to your own points. Anyway, you'll certainly like our price policy. The Key to Successful Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Examine the Eiffel Tower, and what number of photographs are taken of it. Your orders will be carried out exactly as you desire. Then you ought to take the pictures of the automobile that come for towing it towards the runway.

Seismic Behavior Of Steel Frame Building - 2451 Words

Comparative studies on seismic behavior of steel frame building: An experimental approach Jaykumar Bavarva1, Prof. Merool Vakil2 (1 Student, M.Tech Civil Engg., Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 2 Asst. Prof., Institute of Research Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India) Abstract: This study aimed to compare the seismic behaviour of different bracing systems in 10th time smaller real prototype steel building model. The uniaxial shake table experiment was carried out to assess the structural performance on different bracing systems in same storey height building (model type-I) and different storey height building (model type- II). Three structural configurations were used: bare frames (BFs), X- braced frames (XBFs) and Diagonal braced frames (DBFs). The effects of some parameters influencing the seismic performance, including the type of the bracing system, the storey height of the were investigated. The results show that the different braced frames performed well in terms of joint displacement and performance point when compared to the simple bare frame frame in steel buildings. It can be concluded with a comparative account of the obtained results, that use of XBF and DBF enhances structural performances. DBF shows highly effective and economical be cause of it consume lesser material and give effective result. Key words Shake table, Concentric bracing, Steel frame building, Seismic analysis,Show MoreRelatedThe Seismic Behavior Of Multistory Frame Structures1335 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION The seismic behavior of multistory frame structures has been studied extensively in the last few decades due to their efficiency as earthquake resisting systems. The multistory framed systems can be categorized as reinforced concrete (RC) frames, masonry-inï ¬ lled frames, and wall-frame system. The literature survey in this chapter highlights some of the previous experimental and analytical Work done on the seismic performance of existing and rehabilitated structuresRead MoreIncremental Dynamic Analyses Of Steel Moment Resisting Frames With Superelastic Viscous Dampers1205 Words   |  5 PagesIncremental Dynamic Analyses of Steel Moment Resisting Frames with Superelastic Viscous Dampers Baikuntha Silwal1, Osman E. Ozbulut1, Robert J. Michael2 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gannon University, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the seismic performance of steel moment resisting frames upgraded with shape memory alloy (SMA)-based self-centering viscousRead MoreAnalysis Of Beam-Column Connections1304 Words   |  6 PagesIncreasingly, engineers are designing composite and mixed building systems of structural steel and reinforced concrete to produce more efficient structures than realized using either material alone. Recent literature has pointed out a need for greater understanding of the interaction of structural steel and reinforced concrete in such systems. 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Concrete in service thus cracks easily, and this cracking creates easy access routes for deleterious agents resulting in early saturation, freeze-thaw damage, scaling, discoloration and steel corrosion. The concerns with the inferior fracture toughness of concrete are alleviated to a large extent by reinforcingRead MoreInnovative Building Materials3856 Words   |  16 PagesABSTRACT Latest innovations have developed new materials and better technologies in the field of construction. The need of the hour is the replacement of costly and scarce conventional building materials by innovative, cost effective and environment friendly alternate building materials. Here we see about the Insulating concrete forms (ICF) Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) Structural insulated panels (SIP) By implementing these technologies gives birth to many sub level new engineeringRead MoreCivil Engineering10763 Words   |  44 Pagesthe oldest, most simple and useful of all engineering sciences. Civil engineering is field of engineering sciences, related to construction, design and maintenance of buildings, dams, bridges, tunnels, highways etc. Properties of cement. Use my document Uses of cement. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_uses_of_cement * building (floors, beams, columns, roofing, piles, bricks, mortar, panels, plaster) * transport (roads, pathways, crossings, bridges, sleepers, viaducts, tunnels, stabilization